VOLUME 43, NO3, JUNE-2021

Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film Production by Thermionic Vacuum Arc (TVA) Technique

In this paper, silver (Ag)doped Zinc Oxide(ZnO) thin films were prepared on glass and silicon substrate by using a thermionic vacuum arc technique. The surface, structural, optical characteristics of silver doped thin films have been examined by X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning emission electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. As a result of these measurements, Ag, Zn and ZnO reflection planes were determined for thin films formed on Si and glass substrate. Nano crystallites have emerged in FESEM and AFM images. The produced films have low transparency. The optical band gap values were measured by photoluminescence devices at room temperature for thin films produced on silicon and glass substrate. The band gap values are very close to 3.10 eV for Ag doped ZnO thin films. The band gap of un-doped ZnO thin film is approximately 3.3 eV. It was identified that Ag doped changes the properties of the ZnO thin film.read more

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Mehmet Özkan, Sercen Sadik Erdem

Chromium Manganese and Zinc Levels in the Biological Samples of Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Children Reside in Different Areas of Sindh Pakistan

T1DM is the most acquainted childhood immune-caused onset and may lead to early mortalities and morbidities. It can emanate in any age group but is highest reported in lesser than 18 years of age. In Pakistan only, T1DM institutes ~ 2% of the all diabetic population. This work was formulated to assess the concentration of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) in blood, scalp hair and serum samples of diabetic mellitus type 1 children age ranged (1–5), (6-10) and (11-14) years of both genders (male and female), compared with similar sex and age referent subjects. For sample pretreatment, microwave-aided acid digestion procedure (MAD) was employed for elemental analysis in the biological samples of T1DM children. The employed method was validated by using certified reference samples of blood, scalp hair, and serum. Digests biological specimen were analyzed by AAS. The Zn was analyzed by FAAS, while the assessment of Mn and Cr were measured by ETAAS. The Mn, Zn and Cr, presents significantly low levels in the samples of scalp hair, blood and serum of female and male of age group of (1-5) (6-10) and (11-14) of diabetic mellitus type 1 children, compared with referent subjects. These data present an important hypothesis to doctors and other clinical experts to investigate insufficiency of these essential micronutrients (Cr, Mn, & Zn) in biological specimen of blood, scalp hairs and serum of T1DM children.read more

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Anjum Lashari, Hasan Imran Afridi, Tasneem Gul Kazi, Farah Naz Talpur and Jameel Ahmed Baig

Investigation of The Relationship Between The Substituent and Nonlinear Optical Properties in 2- (Phenyl ((4-Vinylphenyl)Amino) Methyl)Phenol Derivative Compounds by DFT Method

In this study, NLO properties and substituent relationship of the recently synthesized three alkylaminophenol compounds, which have electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups were investigated. The polarizability (<α>), the anisotropy of the polarizability (<Δα>), groundstate dipole moment (μ) and the first-order hyperpolarizability (β) were studied. HF method and DFT/B3LYP, WB97XD methods with 6-311++ G(d,p) set were used for calculations. p-Nitroaniline was selected as a reference compound. Also, EHOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital energy), ELUMO(the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ΔE), molecular surface and FMOs analysis were studied.read more

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Yeliz Ulaş

Organo-Clay as Adsorbent for Removal of Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl from Water Samples; A Statistical Approach

In this study, fuller’s earth (FE) modified with sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid was used for adsorptive removal of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FPE) herbicide from water samples and statistical validation of the experimental observations was accomplished. All the adsorption experiments were conducted in batch mode. The effect of pH, agitation time, adsorbent dose and initial herbicide concentration on adsorption process was studied. About 98.5% adsorption efficiency was achieved at initial analyte concentration of 1000 mg L-1 at pH 6 within 60 min at adsorbent dose of 0.1 g. The adsorption kinetics were studied and pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to follow the adsorption kinetics with R2=0.998. The isotherm studies show that the adsorption data fit well to the Freundlich isotherms. In statistical evaluation, the individual as well as the interaction effect of various factors on adsorption was investigated and it was found that concentration, pH and adsorbent dose are the significant factors with p values of 0.0001, 0.004 and 0.006 respectively, while contact time was found statistically insignificant having p value greater than 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R2=0.930) shows that % adsorption is highly dependent on the studied factors and their interactions. Under the optimized set of conditions, high absorption capacity of 200.22 mg g-1 was achieved.read more

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Jasmin Shah, Muhammad Rasul Jan, Mian Muhammad, Behisht Ara and Changeez Ahmad

Synthesis and Applications of Polyacrylate basedWater White Clear Polymeric Material Fortified with Carbon Nano-Tubes for Durable, Protective and Corrosion Resistance Coatings Used in Applied Automobile Industry

Acrylates are esters of acrylic acid formed by the reaction of acrylic acid with alcohols. These acrylic esters produced by polymerization of combination with different acrylic monomers to produce the materials with enhanced characteristics for coating applications. The acrylate-based polymers have been prepared by varying the nature and ratios of the monomers. Moreover, the properties of the polymeric materials have been further improved by compositing with the nano-fillers i.e. carbon nanotubes. Further, the materials have been coated on different surfaces to evaluate the coating characteristics by standard analytical procedures. composition and morphology of the materials characterized by different spectroscopic techniques.Polyacrylate based polymers has been synthesized by step growth polymerization using different types of monomers moieties (5 different types of acrylic monomer along with one functional monomer and an aromatic monomers) to enhance coating properties and to enhance dispersion of Carbon-nanotubes. Characterization was done by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Study of polymeric coating has done on different surfaces by different techniques like Barcol Hardness, Gloss Test, Salt Spray Test, Cross Hatch Test and Mandrel Dent Measurement as given in standard ASTM methods. The results reveled better adhesion, crack resistance, abrasion resistance the graphical abstract is given below as Fig-1.read more

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Sajjad Hassan, Mirza Nadeem Ahmad, Phool Shahzadi and Muhammad Naeem Khan, Muhammad Naveed Anjum and Muhammad JawwadSaif

Characterization of Alpha Bismuth Trioxide Nanoparticles and their Application for Catalytic Degradation of Xylene Cyanol FF Dye in Aqueous Solution

Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical reduction method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by Ultra violet – Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy , Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques The characterized nanoparticles were applied as photo catalyst for the degradation of hazardous dye Xylene Cyanol FF in aqueous medium. The effects of different parameters such as irradiation time, initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, pH of the medium and temperature were studied on the photo catalytic degradation of the dye. It was found that with increase in irradiation time and catalyst dosage the degradation exponentially increased and decreased with increase in initial concentration of the dye. The temperature was found to have no appreciable effect on the dye degradation in open atmosphere.read more

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F. Akbar Jan, Rahat Ullah, Umar Shah, Muhammad Saleem, Naimat Ullah, Muhammad Usman

The Ring Formation Mechanism in Cyclization of Berberine

Berberine hydrochloride is a natural alkaloid with significant antitumor activities against many types of cancer cells, can be synthesized by cyclic reaction with hydrochloride condensate and glyoxal as raw materials and copper chloride as catalyst. In this study, the transition and energy change for the each reaction step was calculated by the density functional theory program Dmol3 in Materials Studio 2017. and the results testified that there are two ring formation in the cycliztion process, and according to the result we proposed the mechanism of this cyclization reaction. We also use infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy to monitor the reaction process in real time and prove the ring formation process. The reaction mechanism was firstly proposed at the basic results of above.read more

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Guosheng Wang, Siyu Han and Ronghui Xu

Synthesis and Characterization of Sm-Ho-CeO2 Compounds Produced by Different Synthesis Methods

The most important part of a solid oxide fuel cell is the ceramic electrolyte. In this study, cerium oxide (CeO2) was used as the ceramic electrolyte, and different dopant types were used to increase total conductivity. In this study, the most commonly used Sm, and the less frequently used Ho elements were doped simultaneously. As a result, the effect of dope and different synthesis methods on electrolyte properties was evaluated. Three rates were studied with the total amount of Sm-Ho being 20%. The effect of the dopant types on conductivity with critical radius effect was investigated. These dope types were placed in a CeO2 crystal lattice by using the sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. After synthesis, the stable phase was obtained at room temperature. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used for phase determination. The thermogravimetry (TG) determined mass change. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used in the analysis of surface morphology. Total conductivity measurements were measured by the four-probe dc method. After synthesis processes, cubic compounds were obtained. The total conductivity values of the cubic phases samples obtained by two different synthesis methods were compared. The highest conductivity was observed in the sol-gel compounds. The highest electrical conductivity Ce0.80Sm0.10Ho0.10O2 system sol- gel; 6.92x10-3(Ωcm)1- at 655 oC. It was found that the compound obtained as a result of the evaluations could be used ceramic electrolyte application.read more

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Ahmet Hamdi BAKIR and Handan ÖZLÜ TORUN

Efficient Construction of 4-aryl-5,8-epiminobenzo[7]annulenes based on a Cascade Michael/Cyclization Reaction

A practical method was developed for the gain of potentially biologically active 4-aryl-5,8-epiminobenzo[7]annulenes using tropinone as starting material with an azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan skeleton. In an effort to improve product yield, reaction process conditions were optimized and the cascade Michael/cyclization reaction went most smoothly using tetrahydrofuran as solvent in the presence of DBU at 60°C for 10 hours. More diverse 4-aryl-5,8-epiminobenzo[7]annulenes were synthesized in good yields and structurally identified by NMR, FTIR and mass spectrometry analysis. The assembly of the heterocyclic core proceeds by a cascade Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition and cyclocondensation sequence with a broad substrate applicability and good functional group tolerance.read more

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Dao-Cai Wang, Yi Luo, Jian-Jun Li, Chi Zhang and Xiao-Peng Liu

Stereoselective Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Docking and Biological Screening of Coumarin Derivatives

The compounds being synthesized in present research are chiral in nature so for getting enantiopure compounds, stereoselective synthesis was carried out by organocatalysis. The importance of enantiopure compounds can not be overstated because the living systems are chiral in nature and response of enantiomers can be very different in living systems. The organocatalysed synthesis was accumplished using 4-hydroxycoumarin and variously substituted dibenzylideneacetones as reactants and the organocatalyst being used was 9-amino-9-deoxyepiquinine. The range of enantioselectivity achieved was 24-95%. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EIMS, UVCD, VCD and Chiral HPLC. The major focus of this research was to develop anticoagulant compounds and therefore the molecular docking studies were carried out with crystal structure of vitamin k epoxide reductase (3kp9) and then screened for in-vitro anticoagulant activity by using warfarin as positive control. Out of six synthesized compounds, four compounds (1,2,5,6) have shown greater binding affinity with 3kp9 than warfarin. In in-vitro anticoagulant studies, all compounds showed improved IC50 values than warfarin. Besides anticoagulant activity, antimocrobial activities were also carried out with six different strains of bacteria and fungi. Compound (5) showed 79% inhibition against Bacillus subtillis and 62 % inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus.read more

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Zakia Afzal, Naghmana Rashid and Humaira Nadeem